Leather tanning is the process of treating animal hides to make them suitable for use in clothing, furniture, and other items. There are several different types of tanning processes, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Vegetable tanning is the oldest and most traditional method of tanning, and involves the use of natural tannins found in tree bark, leaves, and other plant materials. This method produces a strong, durable leather that is resistant to water and other elements. Chrome tanning is a more modern method that uses chromium salts to tan the leather. This method produces a softer, more pliable leather that is often used in clothing and accessories. Aldehyde tanning is a newer method that uses formaldehyde-based chemicals to tan the leather. This method produces a leather that is resistant to water and other elements, but is not as strong or durable as vegetable-tanned leather. Finally, there is also synthetic tanning, which uses synthetic chemicals to tan the leather. This method produces a leather that is lightweight and flexible, but not as strong or durable as other types of leather.
Leather finishing techniques are used to enhance the look and feel of leather products. Different techniques can be used to achieve different results, from a glossy shine to a more natural, matte finish. Finishing techniques can also be used to protect the leather from wear and tear, as well as to add color and texture. Common leather finishing techniques include buffing, burnishing, dyeing, embossing, glazing, lacquering, oiling, polishing, and waxing. Buffing is a process that uses a soft cloth and a buffing wheel to create a smooth, glossy finish. Burnishing is a process that uses a hard, smooth object to rub the leather and create a glossy finish. Dyeing is a process that uses a dye to add color to the leather. Embossing is a process that uses a heated tool to create a raised pattern on the leather. Glazing is a process that uses a glaze to create a glossy finish. Lacquering is a process that uses a lacquer to create a glossy finish. Oiling is a process that uses oil to create a soft, natural finish. Polishing is a process that uses a polishing compound to create a glossy finish. Waxing is a process that uses a wax to create a glossy finish. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to consider the desired outcome before deciding which technique to use.